How hazardous is fecal bacteria-infested Sangam water where devotees bathe
What's the story
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has filed a report before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), flagging alarmingly high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in the Ganga River at Prayagraj.
The report comes as millions take holy dips at the Sangam amid the ongoing Maha Kumbh Mela.
The CPCB findings show these bacterial levels are way above the safe limit of 2,500 MPN/100ml prescribed for bathing water.
Health risks
Bacterial levels raise health concerns
Fecal coliform bacteria, which are normally present in the intestines of humans and warm-blooded animals, suggest possible contamination by human or animal waste.
This can lead to health hazards like diarrhea, vomiting, typhoid, and cholera.
Dr. Atul Kakar from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital told PTI that the situation was concerning as "the level of sanitization and preparedness required is not up to the mark," making the water unfit for drinking or bathing.
Pollution levels
Total coliform levels in Ganga exceed standard limits
The CPCB report also revealed that total coliform levels in the Ganga were nearly 1,400 times higher than prescribed limits, while fecal coliform bacteria stood at 7,900 MPN/100ml at Sangam.
Such bacterial contamination on "poses a health risk..be it for..domestic purposes....as well as exposing farmers who often use raw sewage," a report by Centre for Science (CSE) and Environment said.
In the Yamuna River, prior to its confluence with the Ganga at Sangam, fecal coliform levels stood at 4,900 MPN/100ml.
Environmental impact
Water contamination threatens aquatic ecosystems
While coliform bacteria don't directly cause illness, they indicate harmful pathogens' presence in water, the CSE added.
According to KnowYourH2O, untreated fecal matter depletes oxygen levels in water, endangering aquatic ecosystems.
Continuous exposure can lead to infections affecting the skin, digestive systems, and respiratory health.
A 2004 committee constituted by the Ministry of Urban Development suggested the desirable limit of fecal coliform be 500 MPN/100 ml, with a maximum permitted limit of 2,500 MPN/100 ml for discharge into the river.